The Implications Of Artificial Intelligence Use On Legal Liability In Indonesia

Abstract

This study is motivated by the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across various sectors in Indonesia, which raises new challenges regarding the clarity of legal accountability, especially when AI systems produce decisions or actions that cause harm. The rapid development of AI, which outpaces existing regulations, leads to several central research questions: how AI is positioned within Indonesia’s legal system, who should bear responsibility when algorithm-driven errors occur, and to what extent current laws can accommodate the risks posed by such technologies. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between AI and legal accountability, identify regulatory gaps, and provide a comprehensive understanding of the need for legal reform. The study employs a qualitative juridical-normative approach through analysis of statutory regulations and relevant literature. The findings indicate that current regulations do not explicitly address AI’s legal status, creating uncertainty in determining responsible actors when harm occurs. Moreover, existing legal instruments remain fragmented and insufficient to address the complexity of AI technologies. This research concludes that Indonesia requires comprehensive, responsive, and adaptive regulations to ensure legal certainty and adequate public protection as AI continues to evolve.